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7 топиков по иностранному языку /english/
| Предварительный просмотр документа "7 топиков по иностранному языку /english/" |
The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-
government federal state. It has six states: new south Wales, Victoria, Queens
land, southAustralia, western Australia and two internal territories. It is
situated in the southwestern of the Pacific Ocean. The area of this country has
7000000square kilometers. Australia is the largest island in the world and the
smallest continent. The Dutch were the first Europeans to visit Australia. Inthe
1770 the English captain James Cook discovered the East Coast of Australia.
Nearly 20 millions people live in Australia. The capital of the country
isCanberra, this city become a capital in 1927. Federal government works in
Canberra in the government buildings. There are no industrial plants in thetown.
The population of Canberra is about 300 000 people. There are many sits in the
city. They are the buildings of Australian academy of sings, theAustralian
national university and others. There are two big industrial cities in
Australia: Sydney and Melbourne. Australian climate is dry and warm.Australia is
situated in the Southern Hemisphere and that is why it has summer when we have
winter. January is the hottest month in Australia. Australia is separated
from many countries. The animals in Australia have developed differently. They
are interesting. You can see thedingo, wild dog which killed others animals in
night, the kangaroo and many parrots there. There are many and lakes in the
country. Australia is anindustrial country. It has coil, nickel, zinc and gold.
Australia is one of the most important produces of metals and minerals. It
exports wool production,meat, fruit and sugar. The Australia is situated near
the ocean. Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane are the ports of the country. There
are many universities,theaters and museums in Australia. There are some
political parties in Australia: the liberal party, the labor party and two
socialist parties ofAustralia. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
is situated on two large islands called the British Isles. The larger island
isGreat Britain, which consists of three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. The
smaller island is Ireland and there are about five thousand small
islands. The country's shores are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North
Sea and the Irish Sea. The English channel separate Great Britainfrom the
continent. The total area of the U.K. is 244.00 square kilometers with a
population of 56 million. It is one of the most populated countries inthe world.
The average density of population is very high: about 220 people per square
kilometer. The greater part of the population is urban. About 80 percentof
people live in numerous towns and cities. More then seven million people live in
London area. Very often the inhabitants of The United Kingdom andNorthern
Ireland are called English. The surface of the British Isles varies very
mach. There are many mountains in Scotland, Wales and northwest of England but
they are notvery high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain. The
northern part of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. Scotland
is also famousfor its beautiful lakes, which are called Lochs. The
mountains in G.B. are not very high. There are many rivers in G.B., but they are
not very long. The Themes is the deepest, thelongest and the most important
river in England. The climate of G.B. is mild. It is not very cold in
winter and hot in summer. The average temperature in January is about 5C
abovezero. February is the coldest month in the year. The summers are cool and
rainy. July is the warmest month. There is much rain and flog in autumn
andwinter. October is the rainiest month in the year. The USA is composed of 50 states. It occupies the central partof
North American continent. It borders on Canada in the north andon Mexico in the
south. The waters of the Atlantic Ocean wash the USA in the east and the
waters of the Pacific Ocean wash the country in the west. TheHawaiian Islands
are in the Pacific Ocean. They became the 50th state of the USA in 1958. The
total area of the country is 9000 square kilometers. Thepopulation is more then
200 million people. Washington is the capital of USA. English is the
official language. The flag of the USA known as the "Stars and
Stripes". The Rocky Mountains extend from Alaska through the USA to
Mexico, but greater part of the country is a plain. Where are many rivers inUSA
and the longest is Mississippi. The country has every variety of climates: from
climate of the tropics to that of the Atlantic regions. The USA economygrew
greatly during the world wars. When big American monopolists got great
profits. The country is rich in mineral resources, heavy industry prevails
in the USA economy, including mining metallurgical, machine building,chemical
industries. Light and food industries are wheel developed too. The USA is
the federate republic. The president is the heard of the state. He is also
commander –in –chief of army and navy. Thehighest legislative organ in the
country is the congress, which consists of the senate and House of
Representatives. There are some holidays
in G.B. They are Christmas day, Boxing Day, new years day, Easter, mayday,
spring bank holiday and simmer bankholiday. Public holidays in G.B. are called
bank holidays because the banks as wall as most of the offices and shops are
closed. The most popular holiday isXmas. Every year the people of Norway give
the city of London the present. It is a big Xmas tree and it stands in Trufalger
square. Central streets arebeautifully decorated. Before Xmas groups of singers
go from house to house. They collect money for charity and sing carols
traditional Xmas songs. Manychurches hold a carol serves on the Sunday before
Xmas. The fun starts the night before, on the 24 of December. This is the day
when people decorate theirtrees. Children hang stocking at the end of their
beds, hoping that Santa Claus will come at night and full them with toys and
sweets. Xmas is a familyholiday. Relatives' prepare for the big Xmas dinner of
turkey and Xmas pudding and every one gives and gets presents. The 26 of
December, Boxing Day are anextra holiday after Xmas. This is the time to meet
friends or sit at home and watch TV. New years day is less popular in Britain
then Xmas. Besides publicholidays there are some special holidays in Britain.
One of them takes place on the 5 of November. On that day in 1605 Guy Fawkes
tried to blow up the House ofParliament and kill a King James the first. But he
didn't succeeded. The King's man found the bomb and took Guy Fawkes to the
tower. Sins what day the Britishcelebrate the 5 of November. Mike Lomonosov is the father
of the Russian sciences and outstanding poet the founder of Russian literature.
M.L. was born in 1711 inArhangelsk province. He liked to spend his time fishing
with his father. He began to read him self then he was a little boy. He wanted
to study and then hewas 19 he went on foot to Moscow. He decided to enter the
Slavic-Greek-Lateen academy. He entered it and six ears later in 1736 he was
sent abroad tocomplete his studies in chemistry and mining. L worked hard and he
became a great scientist. He was a physicist a painter and astronomer, a
geographer ahistorian and a states man. M.L. made a telescope; he observed a lot
of stars and planets with his telescope. L wrote a first scientific grammar of
Russianlanguage. He wrote many poems. L build a factory near Petersburg. It was
a factory there glass was produced. He made a portrait of Peter the first
ofpieces of glass. L was a founder of the first Russian University. This
University is named after L and it is situated in Moscow. M.L was died in
1765but people know and remember him. Moscow is a capital of
Russia, it's political, economic, commercial and cultural center. It was founded
8 centuries age by Prince YuriDolgoruky. Gradually the city becomes more and
more powerful. In the 16th century Ivan the Terrible Moscow become the capital
of the new united state. Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in
Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometers. Population of
the city isover 8 million. Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the
world. The heart of the Moscow is Red Square. It is more historic associations
than anyother place in Moscow. The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has
become a symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see
oldcathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Grate, the Palace of Congress, the
Tzar-Cannon and the Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world.
Thereare a lot of beautiful places, cathedrals, churches and monuments in
Moscow. There are more then 80 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are
PushkinMuseum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. Moscow is famous for
it's theaters. The best-known of the is Bolshoi Opera House. Drama theaters
andstudios are also very popular. Moscow is a city of the students. There are
over 80 higher educational institutions in it. Amounts large and famous American cites are Chicago, Boston,
Philadelphia, Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York. Washington isthe capital
of the USA. It is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. D.
Washington chose the place. The city was founded in 1791 and namedafter the
first president. Now Washington is the residents of the president and the
congress. The center of the city is on Capital Hill. This building housesboth
the senate and a House of Representatives. The White House is one of the oldest
buildings in the city. It is the president's residents. Washington is alarge
scientific and cultural center. There are five universities in the city. The
national academy of sciences and the library of congress are in Washingtontoo.
The national museum, the old and new national galleries of art, Washington,
Jefferson and Lincoln memorials are among the city sites. New York is the
largest city in USA. It is an economic, financial, scientific and cultural
center. Dutch settlers founded the city in17 century. The heart of the New York
is Manhattan. It was hear that the Dutch built the first building of the town.
The name Wall Street remained from ourdays. The business center of New York is
near Wall Street. Another famous street is Broadway. It is the longest and the
widest street in New York. It isthe street there most famous theaters are
situated. New York is the city of famous skyscrapers. The highest buildings are
Impure State Building and theunited national building.
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